Utah’s courts have adapted quickly to the digital age. Judges and attorneys rely on messages, screenshots, and posts to uncover intent, credibility, or communication patterns. But admissibility depends on following specific Utah Rules of Evidence, especially Rules 901-903, which deal with authentication and foundation.

Digital evidence in family court must show that:

• It’s relevant to the case – it helps prove or disprove something important.
• It’s authentic – you can prove who created or sent it.
• It’s not unfairly prejudicial or misleading.

If those conditions aren’t met, the court can exclude it even if it looks compelling.

Utah family courts accept a wide range of electronic records when they’re properly verified. Common examples include:

• Text messages and chat logs between parents or spouses
• Emails about finances, parenting, or scheduling
• Social media posts or comments that show behavior or intent
• Screenshots of online activity or digital payments
• Photos or videos stored on phones or shared online
• Metadata such as timestamps, GPS, or device info to confirm context

The key is to connect each digital record to a specific person and purpose in the case.

Authentication means proving that the evidence is what you claim it is. Under Utah Rule of Evidence 901, this can be done through:

• Direct testimony: A witness confirms they sent or received the message.
• Metadata or timestamps: Digital markers show origin and time.
• Content confirmation: Details in the message link it to the sender, such as nicknames, references, or writing style.
• Platform data: Some apps can verify account ownership or export data logs.

It’s best to preserve original copies from your device or account, not just cropped screenshots. Courts prefer evidence that can be traced and verified.

Not all electronic proof survives a legal challenge. Evidence might be excluded if:

• It was obtained unlawfully, such as by recording someone without consent.
• It lacks authenticity, like an unverified screenshot.
• It was altered or selectively edited.
• It violates Utah privacy or wiretapping laws.

Remember that secretly recording phone calls or private conversations in Utah generally requires at least one party’s consent under state law.

Metadata – the data about data – can make or break a digital evidence claim. It shows when a photo was taken, what device was used, and even GPS coordinates. Attorneys often use metadata to prove authenticity or challenge falsified screenshots. Preserving original files is crucial to keeping metadata intact.

Under Utah Rule of Evidence 1002, known as the best evidence rule, the court usually requires the original digital record, not just a printed or copied version. Utah courts increasingly accept electronic exhibits submitted through secure digital filing systems. Each item must be clearly labeled, formatted, and explained in the case filing so the judge can easily review it.

If you’re unsure about file formats or submission requirements, review the Utah court e-filing guidelines or ask a licensed family law attorney.